Celtis occidentalis, commonly known as the American hackberry or simply hackberry, is a species of tree native to North America. Here's a description:
Appearance: American hackberry is a medium to large deciduous tree that can grow up to 20-30 meters (65-100 feet) tall, with a spread of 12-18 meters (40-60 feet). It has a broad, rounded crown and a straight trunk. The bark is distinctive, gray to light brown with prominent corky ridges and warty bumps, giving it a rough, warty appearance.
Leaves: The leaves are alternate, simple, ovate to elliptic, with serrated margins. They are dark green in color, turning yellow in the fall before dropping. The leaves are typically about 5-10 centimeters (2-4 inches) long.
Flowers: The tree produces small, inconspicuous flowers in spring. These flowers are greenish and appear in clusters.
Fruits: The fruits are small, round, berry-like drupes that ripen in late summer to fall. They are initially green and turn purplish-black when mature. The fruits persist on the tree into the winter, providing a food source for birds and other wildlife.
Habitat: Celtis occidentalis is adaptable to a wide range of soil types and environmental conditions. It is commonly found in open woods, along woodland edges, in floodplains, and along streams and rivers throughout much of eastern and central North America.
Ecological Importance: The American hackberry provides food and habitat for various wildlife species, including birds, squirrels, and deer. Its fruits are an important food source for many bird species during the winter months. The tree also has nitrogen-fixing properties, which can improve soil fertility.
Cultural Significance: Historically, Native American tribes used various parts of the hackberry tree for medicinal purposes and for making tools, baskets, and other implements. Today, the wood of Celtis occidentalis is sometimes used for woodworking and crafting purposes.