Bixa orellana, commonly known as annatto or achiote, is a shrub or small tree native to tropical regions of the Americas, particularly Central and South America. Here are some key points about it:
Description: Bixa orellana typically grows as a small tree or shrub, reaching heights of 6 to 10 meters (20 to 33 feet). It has large, heart-shaped leaves and produces clusters of pink or white flowers. The most distinctive feature of the plant is its spiny red fruit, which contains seeds covered in a reddish-orange pulp.
Cultural and Culinary Uses: The seeds of Bixa orellana are used as a natural coloring agent and spice in culinary traditions throughout the tropics. The seeds contain a natural pigment called annatto, which imparts a vibrant orange-yellow color to foods. Annatto is commonly used to color rice, cheese, butter, and various other dishes.
Medicinal Uses: In addition to its culinary uses, annatto has a history of use in traditional medicine by Indigenous peoples of the Americas. It has been used to treat various ailments, including digestive issues, skin conditions, and inflammation.
Industrial Uses: Annatto is also used in various industrial applications, including the production of cosmetics, textiles, and pharmaceuticals. Its natural coloring properties make it a popular alternative to synthetic food dyes in many products.
Cultivation: Bixa orellana is cultivated in tropical regions around the world for its seeds. It grows best in warm, humid climates with well-drained soil. The plant is relatively low-maintenance and can be grown from seeds or cuttings.
Ecological Significance: Bixa orellana provides habitat and food for various wildlife species, including birds and small mammals. Its bright red fruits are attractive to birds, which help to disperse the seeds and promote the plant's spread in its natural habitat.
Growing Instructions
The seeds like moist, well-drained soil. Prepare a mixture of half potting soil and half sand, perlite or vermiculite. Put the soil in a pot. Water the mixture so that it is moist but not wet.
Put the seeds on the soil. 
Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil.
Water the seeds.  
Place the pots in an area with warm temperatures in full sun or part shade. 
When the seedlings are a few inches tall, they can be transplanted.