Zelkova serrata, commonly known as Japanese zelkova or keyaki in Japanese, is a species of deciduous tree native to Japan, Korea, eastern China, and Taiwan. Here are some key characteristics of Zelkova serrata:
Appearance: Japanese zelkova is a medium to large-sized tree that typically grows to heights of 15 to 30 meters (50 to 100 feet), though it can sometimes reach up to 40 meters (130 feet) tall. It has a broadly spreading crown with branches that ascend upwards. The bark is grayish-brown and develops a distinctive mottled or flaky texture with age.
Leaves: The leaves of Japanese zelkova are alternate, simple, and serrated, with an ovate to elliptic shape. They are typically about 3 to 6 centimeters (1.2 to 2.4 inches) long and turn yellow, orange, or reddish-purple in the fall before dropping from the tree.
Flowers: Japanese zelkova produces small, inconspicuous flowers that bloom in the spring. The flowers are greenish-yellow and are borne in clusters.
Fruit: The fruit of Japanese zelkova is a small, rounded drupe that matures in the fall. The fruit is not ornamental and is not typically retained on the tree for long.
Habitat: Japanese zelkova is adaptable to a variety of soil types and growing conditions but prefers moist, well-drained soil and full sun. It is commonly found in mixed forests, river valleys, and urban parks and gardens.
Uses: Japanese zelkova is valued as an ornamental tree for its attractive foliage, graceful form, and tolerance of urban conditions. It is commonly planted as a shade tree in parks, along streets, and in residential landscapes. The wood of Japanese zelkova is also used in woodworking for furniture, cabinetry, and veneers.