Celtis laevigata, commonly known as sugarberry or hackberry, is a deciduous tree native to the southeastern United States. Here's a description of its key characteristics:
Appearance: Sugarberry trees typically grow to a height of 12 to 24 meters (40 to 80 feet) tall, with a rounded or irregular crown. The trunk can reach diameters of 30 to 90 centimeters (1 to 3 feet) and is often fluted or buttressed at the base. The bark is grayish-brown and smooth when young, becoming more rough and corky with age.
Leaves: The leaves of Celtis laevigata are simple, alternate, and ovate to lanceolate in shape, with serrated margins. They are typically 5 to 10 centimeters (2 to 4 inches) long and 2.5 to 5 centimeters (1 to 2 inches) wide. The upper surface of the leaves is dark green, while the lower surface is lighter in color.
Flowers: The tree produces small, inconspicuous flowers that are greenish-yellow in color and appear in clusters in the spring. The flowers are not showy but are important for pollination.
Fruits: The fruits of the sugarberry tree are small, round berries that ripen from green to orange-red or purple-black in late summer or fall. They are sweet and edible, often attracting birds and other wildlife.
Habitat: Sugarberry trees are typically found in bottomland forests, along streams, and in other moist, fertile habitats. They are adaptable to a range of soil types but prefer moist, well-drained soils.
Ecological Importance: Celtis laevigata provides food and habitat for various wildlife species, including birds, squirrels, and deer. The fruits are an important food source for many birds, and the leaves are consumed by caterpillars of various moth species.
Cultural Uses: Historically, Native American tribes used parts of the sugarberry tree for medicinal purposes, as food, and for making tools and other implements. Today, it is occasionally planted as an ornamental shade tree in landscaping due to its attractive foliage and relatively fast growth rate.